Soundtrack to the Napoleonic Conflict
While we do not exactly know Beethoven’s views on war, we know he had a somewhat ambivalent attitude toward Napoleon Bonaparte and his wars across Europe. Initially, he dedicated his Eroica Symphony, Op. 55, to Napoleon. But after learning that Napoleon crowned himself emperor in 1804, he violently erased the dedication from his manuscript. In 1813, the English defeated Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria during the Peninsular War. Beethoven composed Wellington’s Victory, Op. 91 to celebrate the English victory. It is an almost cannon shot by cannon shot depiction of a war in short form. War as Theme in Beethoven’s Music Liberty Leading the People, by Eugene Delacroix, 1830. Source: The Louvre, Paris Although Beethoven never normally composed music with war in mind or even made music to commemorate an entire war, there is one oddity (and a symphony) that deserves special attention. 1. Wellington’s Victory, Op. 91 Sir Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, by Thomas Lawrence, ca. 1815-16. Source: English Heritage Although some of Beethoven’s works may …