All posts tagged: Quantum

The Quantum Chaos of Literature | Dan Rockmore

The Quantum Chaos of Literature | Dan Rockmore

The Faustian bargain is a spiritual form of a conservation law: nothing good happens without something bad happening too. In the modern version, as depicted in books and movies, the message is that geniuses see far beyond their contemporaries, but often at the expense of lasting relationships and happy families. In our preoccupation with the image of the mad scientist, one can’t help but sense a bit of anti-intellectual schadenfreude lurking in the background—solace for all of us “normals.” Stories of genius don’t have to take this form, but they often do. It’s an organizing principle for the Chilean writer Benjamín Labatut in his widely praised collection of loosely linked stories, When We Cease to Understand the World—the first of his books to be translated into English—and also in his latest, The MANIAC, which he wrote in English. Both are unsettling, often violent books based on some of the twentieth century’s great ideas of chemistry, physics, and mathematics, told as stories of individual obsession and militaristic madness. When We Cease to Understand the World takes …

Global first: Scientists confirm the existence of quantum tornadoes

Global first: Scientists confirm the existence of quantum tornadoes

Physicists have uncovered a new quantum phenomenon, proving for the first time that electrons can form vortex-like structures in momentum space. This breakthrough, led by researchers at the Universities of Würzburg and Dresden, sheds light on how electrons behave in topological semimetals and may pave the way for energy-efficient quantum technologies. Mapping Quantum Tornadoes in Momentum Space Understanding how electrons move in materials is central to modern physics. Traditional research focuses on position space, where familiar vortex structures appear in fluids, superfluids, and superconductors. Sketch of the TaAs Brillouin zone with a symmetry-enforced almost movable WNL, denoted in green. (CREDIT: Physical Review X) However, momentum space—which describes electron behavior in terms of energy and movement direction—has remained largely unexplored for such phenomena. Scientists have long theorized that electrons could form vortex-like patterns in momentum space, but until now, experimental confirmation was missing. Using soft x-ray angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (SX-ARPES), researchers mapped the three-dimensional momentum space of tantalum arsenide (TaAs), a quantum semimetal known for hosting exotic electronic states. Their findings, published in the journal Physical …

Zuchongzhi-3 quantum processor sets new performance record

Zuchongzhi-3 quantum processor sets new performance record

A team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) achieved a major advancement in quantum computing. Their latest innovation, the Zuchongzhi-3 quantum processor, has set new records in computational power, reinforcing China’s leadership in the field of quantum technology. The superconducting quantum computing prototype boasts an impressive 105 qubits and 182 couplers, significantly surpassing its predecessor, Zuchongzhi-2. Unprecedented computational speed The Zuchongzhi-3 quantum processor has demonstrated an extraordinary computational speed, operating 10¹⁵ times faster than the most advanced supercomputer currently available. This achievement also outpaces Google’s latest results by a factor of one million, making it one of the most powerful quantum devices ever developed. Quantum supremacy and competitive advances Quantum supremacy, the point at which a quantum processor outperforms classical supercomputers, has long been a benchmark in quantum computing. In 2019, Google’s Sycamore processor, with 53 qubits, completed a complex computational task in 200 seconds, a task estimated to take classical supercomputers 10,000 years. However, in 2023, USTC researchers demonstrated that with advanced classical algorithms and over 1,400 A100 …

His love of math led to a career in quantum computing

His love of math led to a career in quantum computing

atomic: Having to do with atoms, the smallest possible unit that makes up a chemical element. behavior: The way something, often a person or other organism, acts towards others, or conducts itself. chemistry: The field of science that deals with the composition, structure and properties of substances and how they interact. Scientists use this knowledge to study unfamiliar substances, to reproduce large quantities of useful substances or to design and create new and useful substances. (about compounds) Chemistry also is used as a term to refer to the recipe of a compound, the way it’s produced or some of its properties. People who work in this field are known as chemists. (in social science) A term for the ability of people to cooperate, get along and enjoy each other’s company. develop: To emerge or to make come into being, either naturally or through human intervention, such as by manufacturing. (in biology) To grow as an organism from conception through adulthood, often undergoing changes in chemistry, size, mental maturity or sometimes even shape. (as with towns) …

Quantum teleportation breakthrough advances quantum computing

Quantum teleportation breakthrough advances quantum computing

A groundbreaking achievement in quantum teleportation has brought the dream of scalable quantum computing one step closer to reality. Researchers at Oxford University’s Department of Physics have successfully linked two independent quantum processors using a photonic network interface. This breakthrough effectively merges them into a single, fully connected quantum computer, addressing a major challenge in quantum computing: scalability. Their findings mark a significant step toward harnessing the power of quantum mechanics to solve problems far beyond the capabilities of conventional computers. Overcoming the quantum scalability challenge One of the biggest hurdles in quantum computing is scaling up the number of qubits (quantum bits) to a level where quantum processors can outperform traditional supercomputers. A truly revolutionary quantum machine would require millions of qubits, which is currently impractical due to the immense size and complexity needed to house them within a single device. Oxford researchers have pioneered a new approach. Instead of cramming more qubits into a single processor, they have successfully distributed the computing workload across multiple smaller quantum modules connected via optical fibres. This …

Quantum sensing technology opens new doors in drug development

Quantum sensing technology opens new doors in drug development

The ability to probe the smallest building blocks of matter has long fascinated scientists, fueling advancements in medicine, security, and materials science. Traditional methods like nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) spectroscopy have revealed molecular structures by detecting interactions between nuclear quadrupole moments and local electric field gradients. Despite their utility, these techniques are fundamentally limited by their reliance on macroscopic ensembles of nuclei. This limitation masks the molecule-to-molecule variations critical in fields such as protein research or drug development. Recent breakthroughs at the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Engineering and Applied Science (Penn Engineering) have overcome these limitations. Using quantum sensors embedded in diamonds, researchers have refined NQR spectroscopy to detect signals from individual nuclei—a feat previously deemed impossible. This advancement opens the door to transformative discoveries in molecular science. Traditional NQR spectroscopy employs radio waves to identify molecular “fingerprints,” making it a staple in detecting explosives, analyzing pharmaceuticals, and conducting thermometric studies. These methods, however, average signals across trillions of atoms, overlooking subtle but significant molecular differences. In protein research, for example, small structural variations …

The Download: China’s DeepSeek, and useful quantum computing

The Download: China’s DeepSeek, and useful quantum computing

However, history shows that brilliant people are not immune to making mistakes. Huang’s predictions miss the mark, both on the timeline for useful quantum computing and on the role his company’s technology will play in that future. I’ve been closely following developments in quantum computing as an investor, and it’s clear to me that useful quantum computing is inevitable and increasingly imminent. And that’s good news, because the hope is that they will be able to perform calculations that no amount of AI or classical computation could ever achieve. Read the full story. The must-reads I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 1 AI pioneers are clashing over its potential dangers  Yann LeCun, Meta’s AI chief scientist, has branded experts’ grave warnings hypocritical. (FT $)+ AI’s biggest cheerleaders tend to know the least about it. (Wired $)+ How existential risk became the biggest meme in AI. (MIT Technology Review) 2 This surveillance tech could enable Donald Trump’s deportation plansFrom mass biometric databases to phone jailbreaking tools. (NYT $)+ It really …

New quantum clock uses entanglement to push science beyond existing limits

New quantum clock uses entanglement to push science beyond existing limits

Quantum technologies are reshaping the future of measurement and sensing, and advancements in quantum clocks are at the forefront. These devices, which measure time based on the natural oscillations of atoms, have reached levels of precision unimaginable just a decade ago. Recent breakthroughs highlight how quantum entanglement can push timekeeping beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL), opening doors to novel applications in science and technology. At the heart of quantum measurements lies a fundamental challenge: quantum projection noise (QPN). This noise creates inherent uncertainty when measuring multiple identical quantum sensors, limiting precision to the SQL. The SQL dictates that the uncertainty decreases proportionally to the square root of the number of sensors. However, quantum theory suggests a more precise boundary known as the Heisenberg limit (HL), where uncertainty scales inversely with the number of sensors. Achieving the HL requires using entangled or non-classical quantum states. Such entanglement has demonstrated benefits in areas ranging from fundamental physics to biology. By integrating entanglement into optical atomic clocks, researchers are moving closer to these precision limits. From left …

How quantum computing is set to revolutionise technology

How quantum computing is set to revolutionise technology

Quantum computing is poised to transform technology by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems at unprecedented speeds. Utilising qubits, superposition, and entanglement, quantum computers are set to transform industries like finance, healthcare, and materials science through groundbreaking solutions and optimisation capabilities. Tech giants, including IBM, Google, and Microsoft, are leading the charge, demonstrating significant advancements such as Google’s quantum supremacy. While challenges like qubit stability and error correction remain, ongoing research and investment are making remarkable strides. To comprehend the future potential of this transformative technology, an appreciation of its unique properties and developing applications is essential. How quantum computing works The intricacies of quantum computing lie in its ability to leverage the bizarre principles of quantum mechanics to process information with unparalleled efficiency. Central to this are qubits, the quantum analogues of classical bits. Unlike classical bits, which can be either 0 or 1, qubits can exist in a state of superposition, where they can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This property facilitates parallel computation, allowing quantum computers to …

We’re getting closer to having practical quantum computers – here’s what they will be used for

We’re getting closer to having practical quantum computers – here’s what they will be used for

In 1981, American physicist and Nobel Laureate, Richard Feynman, gave a lecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) near Boston, in which he outlined a revolutionary idea. Feynman suggested that the strange physics of quantum mechanics could be used to perform calculations. The field of quantum computing was born. In the 40-plus years since, it has become an intensive area of research in computer science. Despite years of frantic development, physicists have not yet built practical quantum computers that are well suited for everyday use and normal conditions (for example, many quantum computers operate at very low temperatures). Questions and uncertainties still remain about the best ways to reach this milestone. What exactly is quantum computing, and how close are we to seeing them enter wide use? Let’s first look at classical computing, the type of computing we rely on today, like the laptop I am using to write this piece. Classical computers process information using combinations of “bits”, their smallest units of data. These bits have values of either 0 or 1. Everything …