What can be expected of a second Trump administration on space policy? In short, a mixture of continuity and change. There will be much continuity across military, civil and industrial space policy as these rarely diverge between political parties. Changes usually involve minor or incremental bureaucratic shifts. Nevertheless, Trump’s swooning speech embracing Elon Musk, along with the SpaceX founder’s appointment to lead a new department of government efficiency could indicate a different approach to the industrial and human spaceflight aspects of space policy. Illustrating the potential for continuity, the increasing commercialisation of Nasa projects and services under the first Trump administration was actually the result of policies initiated during the Obama years. Changes, such as Trump’s striking establishment of the US Space Force and the re-establishment of US Space Command in 2019, were mostly bureaucratic and organisational. They did not fundamentally alter US military space capabilities. The US has continued decades-long projects such as the modernisation of GPS and the development of sophisticated systems to, among other things, identify, monitor, track and follow objects in …