Utopian socialism, exemplified in the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Robert Owen, and Charles Fourier represents the first current of modern socialist thought. These visionary thinkers offered sharp early critiques of modern capitalism, imagined more socially just ideal societies, and served as inspiration for future generations of budding socialists and social reformers. However, at the same time, their ideas were often dismissed as unrealistic, fanciful, and detached from the material conditions of society. This disregard for the specificities of class politics and political struggle earned them the label “utopian” in a pejorative sense. Henri de Saint-Simon Henri de Saint-Simon, founder of New Christianity, Source: Wikimedia Commons Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825), born into a wealthy Parisian noble family, was profoundly shaped by the French Revolution. However, his socialism was confined to the realms of philosophy and theology as opposed to pragmatic action. Saint-Simon’s doctrine saw society’s great antagonism as the struggle between productive “workers” (which included merchants, industrialists, and bankers), and parasitic “idlers” – the old privileged classes and those who lived off their …