A Humanist Perspective on The Death Penalty, Authoritarian Authority, and Universal Human Rights
The contemporary geography of the death penalty reveals a striking pattern. Capital punishment is increasingly concentrated in a small minority of states, many of which have political or religious institutions that place extraordinary authority in rulers, ruling parties, religious establishments, or ideological systems. At the same time, most of the world’s states have abolished capital punishment in law or practice. The most useful distinction, therefore, may not be between religious and secular societies. It may instead be between systems in which governmental or religious authority is regarded as superior to individual rights and systems in which even the most powerful institutions are constrained by rights understood to belong inherently to human beings. This distinction helps explain why radically different societies—Islamic theocracies, secular Communist states, monarchies, authoritarian republics and a small number of democracies—can retain capital punishment despite having little else ideologically in common. 1. Remarkable concentration of executions Amnesty International reported that at least 1,518 executions occurred in 2024, the highest recorded figure since 2015. That number excludes the thousands of executions believed to have …








