Just How Christian Was the Kingdom of Kongo?
The Kingdom of Kongo was the first pre-modern African country to convert to Catholic Christianity. Following the arrival of Portuguese and Italian missionaries, Kongo’s elites adopted the new religion and ordered their people to follow suit. The kingdom was even recognized by the Pope in Rome as a bastion of Christian devotion. But given the persistence of local Kongolese customs in historical records, how Catholic was the Kingdom of Kongo? Did the people of Kongo and their European missionary guests have different notions of what it meant to be Christian? The Kingdom of Kongo and the Meeting with Europe A local ruler in Kongo welcomes a Capuchin priest and his entourage, by Bernardino da Vezza d’Asti, 1740s, Source: Kuntshistorisches Institut in Florenz By the time Europeans set ashore on the coast of Central Africa, the Kingdom of Kongo had already existed for nearly a hundred years. Its people came from Bantu-speaking ethnic groups which had migrated across the region centuries ago. The kingdom’s government was structured around a ruler known as the …